Longest Reigning Queen of England | Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor | London Bridge is Down

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“London Bridge is Down” is the code signal sent out on 8^th September 2022 to Great Britain President Elizabeth Truss.

This was the code name of the operation to give the news about Queen Elizabeth ll of Buckingham Palace`s death and the longest-reigning queen of England to the public.

She died in Balmoral which was the queen’s favourite place which was followed by Operation Unicorn.

1. Childhood of Queen Elizabeth ll of Buckingham Palace

Elizabeth was born to Prince Albert and Elizabeth. At the time of Queen Elizabeth’s birth, her parents were Duke of York and Duchess of York.

On 21^st April 1926, she was born at Bruton Street in Mayfair at her grandfather’s home. In the private chapel of Buckingham Palace, she was baptized by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang.

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She was named Mary after her parental grandmother, Alexandra, after her paternal great-grandmother, and Elizabeth after her mother. She had only one sibling Princess Margaret.

Both the princesses were educated at home and supervised by their mother and governess Marion Crawford. They were taught about music, language, literature, and history.

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2. Heir Presumptive of Queen Elizabeth

After Uncle Edward and her father, Queen Elizabeth-ll of Buckingham Palace was third in succession to the British throne during the reign of her grandfather. At her birth, she was not expected to be the queen as her uncle Edward was still young.

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He was expected to be married and would have children. His children would precede Elizabeth in the line of succession. After the death of her grandfather, she ascended to second position after her father in succession to the British throne.

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However, her uncle Edward was abdicated due to a marriage proposal with socialite Wallis Simpson. Post which Elizabeth’s father became king with the regnal name George VI. Since Elizabeth had no brothers, she became the heir presumptive.

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3. Marriage of Queen Elizabeth

In 1934, Elizabeth met Prince Philip, Prince of Greece and Denmark, and again in 1937. They were third cousins through Queen Victoria and second cousins through King Christian IX of Denmark.

For the third time, in 1939, they met at Royal Naval College in Dartmouth. At that time Elizabeth was 13 years old and Prince Philip was 18 years old.

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She fell in love with him and started exchanging letters. On 9^th July 1947, when Elizabeth was 21, the official announcement of engagement was made.

Elizabeth and Phillip were married on 20th November 1947. Before marriage Phillip adopted the style of Lieutenant Phillip Mountbatten and took the surname of their mother’s British family.

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He was crowned Duke of Edinburg and given the style of His Royal Highness. Elizabeth and Phillip blessed Prince Charles in 1948 and the second child Princess Anne was born in 1950.

They had their third child Prince Andrew in 1960 and fourth child Prince Edward in 1964.

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4. Coronation of Queen Elizabeth

In 1951, George VI’s health was declining. Many times Elizabeth stood up for his public meetings.

In early 1952, Elizabeth and Phillip were on a tour to Australia and New Zealand by way of the British colony of Kenya. On 6th February 1952, Phillip broke the news of her father’s death and her consequent assassination to the throne with immediate effect.

She retained her name Elizabeth as her regnal name. She was called Elizabeth II. However, some Scots were offended as she was the first Elizabeth to rule. Elizabeth and Phillip shifted to Buckingham Palace.

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After the accession, it was expected that the royal house would adopt the name of Duke of Edinburg. It was suggested to be called as House of Mountbatten.

However British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Queen Mary suggested retaining the title of House of Windsor. By 1960, Mountbatten Windsor was adopted for Phillip and Elizabeth’s male descendants who did not carry royal titles.

During Coronation, Princess Margaret wished to marry Peter Townsend who was a divorcee, 16 years older and had two sons. Elizabeth asked them to wait for another year till the coronation. The coronation was planned on 2nd June 1953 despite the death of Queen Mary on 24^th March 1953.

The coronation was in Westminster Abbey. Except for the communion and anointing, the ceremony was featured on the television. The coronation gown of Elizabeth coronation gown was embroidered with floral emblems of Commonwealth countries.

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5. Reign Of Queen Elizabeth

As per the history, the reign of Queen Elizabeth-ll of Buckingham Palace was from 6^th February 1952 till 8^th September 2022. She is one of the longest-reigning women in the kingdom. Here are some of the important happening in her reign.

1950s

The coronation of Elizabeth happened in 1952. Elizabeth’s sister shared her desire to marry Peter Townsend. Elizabeth along with her husband went on a seven-month month by land, air, and sea to visit 13 countries. She was the first reigning monarch to visit Australia and New Zealand.

The attack of Britain and France invaded Egypt to conquer the Suez Canal. Elizabeth was against the attack which was anyways lost by Britain and France.

1960s

Elizabeth traveled to Pakistan, India, Nepal, Iran, and Cyprus. Her visit to Ghana dismissed fears for her safety. Before her visit, it was speculated that the Quebec separatist movement had planned for Elizabeth’s assassination. No such attempt was made but it triggered riots.

During this decade, Elizabeth gave birth to her third child which was the first birth to a reigning British monarch since 1857.

1970s

Elizabeth introduced instituted practices. This was the era of acceleration in the decolorization of Africa and the Caribbean. Elizabeth toured Yugoslavia to be the first monarch to visit a communist country. 1977 marked the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth’s accession.

1980s

In 1981, Elizabeth celebrated Trooping the Colour ceremony which was six weeks before Prince Charles and Lady Diana’s wedding. In 1982, she had an intruder in her room, Michael Fagan.

Elizabeth was angered when Ronald Reagan’s administration ordered the invasion of Grenada even after hosting him at Windsor Castle and visiting California Ranch.

1990s

Elizabeth addressed joint meetings of the United States Congress. During the Ruby Jubilee of her accession to the throne, she called 1992 her annus horrible.

Elizabeth broke her scaphoid bone after her horse tripped and fell. She was the first British monarch to visit Russia. Elizabeth and Phillip visited India to pay her respects.

2000s

Elizabeth and Phillip went to the Millennium Dome at the outbreak of the new millennium. In 2002, Elizabeth marked the Golden Jubilee of her accession to the throne and it was a three-day celebration. The same year her sister and mother died.  

2010s

2012 marked the Diamond Jubilee of accession of the throne. She opened a memorial garden for British victims of the 9/11 attacks. She visited as chief guest for various events.

2020s

Elizabeth shifted to Windsor Castle and sequestered there as a precaution.

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6. Titles Of Queen Elizabeth

The titles held by Queen Elizabeth were as below.

• 21 April 1926 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
• 11 December 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
• 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh
• 6 February 1952 – 8 September 2022: Her Majesty The Queen

Throughout the Commonwealth, Elizabeth held many titles and honorary military positions. She received honors and awards throughout the world.

In every realm, she has a different title such as Queen of Saint Lucia and Her other Realms and Territories in Saint Lucia, Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories in Australia, etc.

In the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, which are Crown Dependencies rather than separate realms, she was known as Duke of Normandy and Lord of Mann, respectively. Additional styles include Defender of the Faith and Duke of Lancaster.

When conversing with Elizabeth, the correct etiquette was to address her initially as Your Majesty and thereafter as Ma’am, with a short ‘a’ as in jam.

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7. Death Of Queen Elizabeth

On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace announced that Elizabeth was under medical supervision at Balmoral Castle after doctors expressed concern.

The statement read: “Following further evaluation this morning, the Queen’s doctors are concerned for Her Majesty’s health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision. The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral.” All her family was beside her during her last days.

Queen Elizabeth-ll of Buckingham Palace: FAQ

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